Brushed DC Motors Vs. Brushless DC Motors
Ben Winstanley • July 3, 2020
The right type of DC motor can make or break a project. There are two types of motors, brushed and brushless, these terms refers to the design of the motor in the model. If a model motor is not labelled as 'brushless' it would be fair to assume that it is a basic brushed motor.
These motors have distinct differences that make them ideal for certain projects and not for others.
So, what are the differences that make these motors so unique?
Read this BLOG and find out!
DC BRUSHED MOTORS
A brushed DC Motor uses a pattern of tightly wound wire coils with a skeleton frame acting as a two-pole electromagnet. The direction of the current is reversed twice in a cycle by a mechanical rotary switch. This pushes the flow through the skeleton of the motor allowing the electromagnets poles to cross. Key advantages of a brushed motor are the low costs of the motor and the ability to remodel and rebuild these later to extend their usage. These are far simpler and perfect for extreme operating environments.
The DC Brushed Motor has some key characteristics that make it perfect for everyday basic applications in the home, within toys and personal goods. The price and simplicity of the motors are ideal for daily use appliances. You may find a brushed motor in your blender at home or controlling your windshield wipers
KEY POINTS:
Low overall construction costs
Can often be rebuilt to extend life
Simple and inexpensive controller
Controller not needed for fixed speed
Ideal for extreme operating environments.
DC BRUSHLESS MOTORS
A brushless motor is a complete contrast to a brushed one, it uses a permanent magnet as its rotor and used a triple phase of coils, whilst a sensor tracks the rotors positioning. The sensory tracks rotor positioning and sends signals to the controller which in turn activates the coil in a structured manner. Clear advantages of choosing a brushless motor are less maintenance needed due to a lack of brushes, the effective speed the motor runs at. It is highly efficient and has a high output of power compared to its size. It is overall made to be far more superior to the brushed motor with better thermal characteristics.
The DC Brushless Motor is reliable and has a longer life span than the brushed motor and therefor has a wider application into many different applications and projects. It is used in a wide variety of productions, due to its 85-90% efficiency compared to brushed motors only 75% efficiency. The efficiency and impact of these motors mean they are far more reliable to be used in machines and technology we use daily and rely on.
KEY POINTS:
Less overall maintenance due to lack of brushes
Operates effectively at all speeds with rated load
High efficiency and high output power to size ratio
Reduced size with far superior thermal characteristics
Higher speed range and lower electric noise generation.
SUMMARY
Today, the brushless motor is far more common than the brushed motor. However, both can be found in a wide range of applications. Brushed DC motors are still used frequently in household appliances and in automobiles. They also maintain a strong industrial niche because of the ability to alter the torque to speed ratio exclusive to brushed motors.
Thanks to reliability and longevity, the brushless DC motor has expanded into many applications. It is common throughout a broad spectrum of industries: Manufacturing, computing, and next generation electric vehicles!
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